Example of micro operations microinstruction

Example of little operations microinstructionQ1. Give an Example of micro operations, microinstruction, micro program, micro code.colloidal suspension - Following are the examples of micro operations-Bus and Memory TransfersArithmetic MicrooperationsLogic MicrooperationsExample of Microinstruction-For Fetching Data-IF inter.ELSE nextinst.mapExample of micro program -sp = sp + (-1)mar = sp mbr = ac wrwrThis pushes the AC value onto the stackExample of Micro code-mar = sp rdsp = sp + 1 rdac = mbrPop a number from the stack and place it in the ACQ2 How Information Technology raise be used for strategic advantages in business?Ans Globalisation- IT has not only brought the introduction closer, but it has allowed the worlds economy to change over state a single interdependent system. We not only share information quickly and efficiently, but to a fault bring down barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries. The world has develop into a global village due to the help of informat ion technology allowing countries like Chile and Japan who are not only free by distance but also by language to shares ideas and information with distributively other.Communication- With the help of information technology, communication has also become cheaper, quicker, and more efficient. We can now communicate with any cardinal around the globe by simply text messaging them or sending them an email for an almost instantaneous response. The internet has also opened up face to face direct communication from different parts of the world thanks to the helps of video conferencing.Cost effectiveness- Information technology has helped to render the business process thus streamlining businesses to make them extremely cost effective money making machines. This in turn increases productivity which ultimately gives rise to earnings that means better pay and less strenuous encountering conditions.More time IT has made it possible for businesses to be open 24 x7 all over the globe. Thi s means that a business can be open anytime anywhere, making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also means that you can have your goods delivered right to your threshold with having to move a single muscle.Q3. What Characteristics of software make it different from other engineering products?Ans - Characteristics of software products -Software products may beGeneric developed to be sold to a range of different customers.Custom developed for a single customer according to their specification.Q4. What are different pass overing modes available?Sol - Various Addressing modes are -(1) Immediate Addressing Mode -Immediate addressing is used to load constants into registers and to use constants as operands.The constant is part of the instruction worde.g. ADD 5Add 5 to contents of accumulator5 is operandLimited range(2) Direct Addressing Mode -With direct addressing the address is part of the instructionUsually the OpCode is one word and address is the s ucceeding word or words. Effective address (EA) = address field (A)e.g. ADD AAdd contents of cell A to accumulatorLook in memory at address A for operandSingle memory reference to access dataNo additional calculations to work out effective addressLimited address space(3) Indirect Addressing Mode - designateMemory cell pointed to by address field contains the address of (pointer to) the operandEA = (A)Look in A, find address (A) and look there for operande.g. ADD (A)Add contents of cell pointed to by contents of A to accumulator(4) Register Direct Addressing Mode -Limited number of registers real itty-bitty address field neededShorter instructionsFaster instruction fetchNo memory accessVery fast executionVery limited address spaceMultiple registers helps performanceRequires good assembly programming or compiler writing(5) Register Indirect Addressing Mode -The instruction specifies a register which contains the address of the operandMOVE $1000,R7 R7 = $1000As there are usually only a small number of internal registers the address of the register is easily contained in the instruction word.It is efficient and is very useful for working with grazes and pointers. Operand is held in register named in address field EA = RIf an array of numbers is stored at $1000, then can be accessed in sequence by adding 1 to the register after each access.Operand is in memory cell pointed to by contents of register RLarge address space (2n)One fewer memory access than confirming addressing(6) Displacement (Indexed) Addresing Mode -EA = A + (R)Address field hold two valuesA = base valueR = register that holds displacementor vice versaQ5 How will you differentiate b/w Arrays and Stacks?Explain by giving an example.Ans- An array can be defined as an unnumbered collection of homogeneous elements. A stack is a data structure in which all insertions and deletions are done at the same end called the top. It is a lot called last in first out (LIFO) data structure.Q6. How translator d iffers from Complier?Ans - translator- it is a device that changes a sentence from one language to another without the change of meaning.Compiler - It reads the entire program and converts it to the reject code. It provides errors not one line but errors of the entire program. It consumes little time for converting a source program to an object program. Compilers are preferred when the length of the program is large. It provides security.Q7 Out of Linear and Binary Search, which one is preferred where and why?Ans- in linear search,we access each elemnt of array one by one sequentially and in binary search we seach in minimum number of steps.in binary search elemnts have to be in the sorted form.Binary search is preferred over linear search because time consumed is less.